Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Add penne pasta and cook according to package instructions (11-13 minutes) until al dente, then drain.

In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add diced onion and minced garlic, sauté for 2-3 minutes until fragrant.

Add diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, dried basil, dried oregano, salt and pepper. Stir well, let the sauce simmer for 5-7 minutes.

Stir in chopped vegetables and optional protein. Cook for an additional 3-5 minutes until vegetables are tender.

Add cooked penne pasta to skillet, toss gently to coat. Allow flavors to meld for 1-2 minutes. Sprinkle Parmesan cheese if desired.

Divide among serving bowls, garnish with fresh basil or parsley. Serve warm.